Growth traits of four maternal lines of rabbits founded on different criteria: comparisons at foundation and at last periods after selection

The objective was to compare growth traits in four maternal lines of rabbits (A, V, H and LP), with the aim of understanding the consequence of the different foundation and selection processes on the growth performance of the lines. The lines are currently in the 43th, 38th, 22th and 8th generations, respectively. Two comparisons were performed. One compared the values of the lines at their foundation, using the complete data set, the full pedigree and a two‐trait analysis, including data on the selection criteria, litter size. The other comparisons were done during the last period when all the lines were housed together with the same feeding and management. The numbers of records were 323 208 for weaning weight, and 300 553 for slaughter weight and average daily Gain (from 46 708 l). The pedigree file included 346 638 animals. The second analysis used only the data corresponding to each period, and the analysis was conducted using a one‐trait model. The model was the same as that defined for the comparisons at the foundation, but the additive effects were excluded. The H and LP lines showed highest values for all the traits compared. In the last periods, a good agreement was observed between the estimated differences, computed with the complete model and data set, or computed with an incomplete model and only data from the comparison period. At last periods, the differences were smaller than at foundation. The importance of the correlated response in growth after selection for litter size at weaning or the importance of a non‐programmed intramating selection for the growth traits can explain the changes since foundation.     

Drop size dependence of soil-water contact angle in relation to the droplet geometry and line tension

The soil-water contact angle is used as a measure of the surface hydrophobicity of soils. The contact angle for particular solid–liquid combination is considered to vary with the drop size. In this paper, we focused on examining the drop size dependence of contact angle on soil surfaces compared with homogeneous solid surfaces, and determining its relation to the droplet geometry and line tension. The contact angle estimated using geometric parameters of the droplets (θ _G) showed decreasing trend with increasing drop size from 5 to 50?µL irrespective of the deformations in the droplet shape in larger drops. This was considered to be a result of the corresponding deviations of the geometric parameters of the droplets. The directly measured contact angle (θ _A) first decreased and then increased with increasing drop size from 5 to 50?µL. The drop size at lowest θ _A for hydrophobized silica sand with 1?g?kg^–1 stearic acid (SA) and the acryl surfaces was 20?µL, whereas that for hydrophobized silica sand with 5?g?kg^–1 SA and siliconed paper was 30?µL. The decrease in θ _A with increasing drop size was explained as a result of the line tension effect using the modified Young's equation. Despite the surface heterogeneity, all the surfaces tested in this study showed positive line tensions on the order of 10?µJ?m^–1. Irrespective of the heterogeneity of the surfaces, the θ _A in this experiment agreed with the modified Young's equation for drop sizes up to about 20–30?µL, where the θ _A and θ _G were also in good agreement. Drop size dependence of contact angle was independent of the level of surface hydrophobicity. The θ _A on all the examined surfaces started to increase with increasing drop size when the deformation index, I _d, exceeded 5%, where the wetting radius, R exceeded the capillary length. The increase in θ _A with increasing drop size was attributed to the deformations of water drops due to the effect of gravity.     

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CVA,DRIS, AND CND NORMS FOR THREE HYBRIDS OF POPULUS MAXIMOWICZII PLANTED IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC

Plantations of hybrid poplars adapted to relatively poor soils and cold conditions are being established in abandoned fields and forest sites in southern Quebec. Hybrids of Populus maximowiczii are well adapted to these sites but little is known about their nutritional requirements. The objectives of this study were to develop nutritional norms (CVA, DRIS, CND) for three of these hybrids: 915508, Populus euramericana or canadensis X Populus maximowiczii; 3729, Populus nigra X Populus maximowiczii; and 915303, Populus maximowiczii X Populus balsamifera, and to apply the norms on some sites recently planted in southern Quebec. Six plantations (two per clone) were used for the determination of nutritional norms. In each plantation, individual trees were fertilized with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) according to a factorial design with three levels of application for each nutrient (3⁵ = 243 treatments). Tree diameter and height, unit foliar mass and foliar chemistry (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) of each tree were determined two years after fertilization. CVA, DRIS and CND norms were determined using a boundary-line approach with each plantation. Nutritional norms could be established for most combinations of clones and nutrients. CVA, DRIS and CND indices produced with published optimum nutrient concentrations for hybrid poplars closely related to P. maximowiczii were generally in agreement with the ones developed in our study. Differences in nutritional norms among P. maximowiczii hybrids/clones were small but hybrid/clone specific norms could provide more precise estimates of tree nutrition. The application of the norms on some representative sites of southern Quebec revealed more frequent nutrient imbalances than true nutrient deficiencies with generally excessive Ca and Mg, and limiting N, P, and K.     

"920"处理对水稻eA系种子耐贮藏性研究

用不同尝试的“920”对含euil基因的水稻长穗颈不育系（eA系）与不含该基因的不育系（A系）进行处理,收获种子储藏6个月、9个月和12个月后分别测试发芽率的发芽势。结果表明,无论eA系和A系,其种子储藏时间不超过9个月时,发芽率、发芽势不发生显著变化;储藏时间达1a(12个月）时,个别浓度处理间或材料间开始出现显著差异。但喷施“920”不会eA系种子发芽率和发芽势,个别浓度处理还有提高发芽率和发芽势的趋势。     

西藏青稞灌溉定额的空间分布规律

西藏地区灌溉定额等试验数据有限,因此,基于少量实测数据,计算分析作物净灌溉定额及其空间变化规律,扩展有限数据的使用范围具有十分重要的意义。基于拉萨站实测的青稞作物系数,采用FAO提出的作物系数修正方法,得到西藏4个农业分区中代表站的青稞作物系数值。基于青稞种植区共28个站点的气象资料及4个分区的青稞作物系数及土壤水分参数等资料,采用土壤水量平衡原理计算得到28个站的青稞灌溉定额长系列值。采用克里金插值法得到西藏青稞不同水文年型灌溉定额及其主要影响因子的等值线图,分析了青稞灌溉定额的空间变化规律及其与主要影响因子的关系。结果表明,从西北到东南,青稞灌溉定额呈现逐渐减小的变化趋势,其等值线总体呈带状分布特点,并且等值线与经线趋于平行。青稞灌溉定额随着降雨量增加而降低,随气温及ET0增加而增加。     

青海绵羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省8个品种绵羊的红细胞钾型多态性特征进行了调查研究。结果发现,被检的8个品种绵羊均有高钾(HK)和低钾(LK)两种表型而呈现多态性,其中欧拉羊、藏羊、小尾寒羊以HK型为优势表型,新疆细毛羊、青海细毛羊、青海半细毛羊以LK型为优势表型;绵羊的红细胞钾型没有性别差异;红细胞钾型与生产性状指标间没有显著性关系;在被检的15项血液指标中,除WBC,BK值和EK值差异显著(P<0.01)以外,其他血液指标没有型间差异(P>0.05);不同红细胞钾型绵羊的HB型分布非常相似(P>0.05)。     

野血牦牛复壮家牦牛的效果测定

对l/2野血牦牛和家牦牛的初牛犊牛和6月龄1/4野血犊牛进行了生长发育指标的测定和比较。测定结果表明:1/4野血初生牦犊牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比家牦牛初生犊增加1.80cm、3.42cm、2.28cm和1.27kg,分别提高了3.51%、7.33%、4.12%和11.05%。6月龄l/4野血牦牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比同龄家牦牛增加4.78cm、5.10cm、6.74cm和7.94kg,分别提高了6.70%、6.90%、7.58%和20.00%(P<0.01)。结果表明,给家牦牛导入野牦牛血可促进牦牛的生长发育。     

病毒感染过程中青鳉irf2基因过表达的双面性

为了探究干扰素调节因子2 (interferon regulatory factor,IRF2)如何通过调控干扰素(IFN)表达影响鱼类的免疫,实验从青鳉中克隆了irf2 (Olirf2),发现该基因在青鳉各个组织中均有表达;将构建的真核表达载体pTol2/CMV-IRF2/IE1-pr转染到胖头鱥肌肉细胞系(FHM)后,发现瞬时过表达Olirf2能够显著促进鲤春病毒血症病毒(spring viremia of carp virus,SVCV)的复制,并抑制抗病毒相关基因mx1、ifn和irf3的表达。进一步通过双荧光素报告系统发现,Olirf2能够显著抑制NF-κB和ISRE的活性,说明Olirf2可能通过抑制细胞的天然免疫应答进而促进病毒的增殖。然而持续过表达Olirf2则增强了细胞的抗病毒能力,同时促进干扰素相关基因mx1、ifn和irf3的表达。因此,Olirf2基于表达的持续时间不同而具有抗病毒或者促病毒的双面效果。实验通过研究Olirf2在抗病毒信号通路中发挥的作用,为通过基因编辑或者转基因手段来构建抗病毒的鱼类提供了理论基础。     

马尾松毛虫对几种杀虫剂的毒力基线

对马尾松毛虫对溴氰菊酯和敌百虫等 2种杀虫剂的敏感毒力基线进行了研究。结果表明 :敌百虫和溴氰菊酯对马尾松毛虫的致死中量LD50 分别为 0 2 1 81 μg·g-1和 1 2 4 61× 1 0 -4μg·g-1,其b值分别为 4 8和 4 9。由于b值远大于 1 ,说明供试马尾松毛虫种群对这 2种药剂的异质性小 ,敏感性好 ,测得结果可作为相对敏感毒力基线。表 1参 7     

黑米稻三系配套选育初报

采用人工制保、制恢的方法 ,育成了黑米稻不育系 2个 (“大黑A”和“血黑A”)和恢复系 3个 (“黑恢 1号”、“黑恢 2号”和“黑恢 3号”) ,于 1 997年成功地实现了黑米稻三系配套[1] ,与此同时进行了黑米稻不育系、恢复系与白米稻不育系、恢复系的配组试验。试验结果表明 :黑米杂交稻优势强、经济性状互补明显 ,较好地克服了传统黑米稻品种产量低、抗性和株叶形态差的缺点 ,而且黑米稻不育系、恢复系与相应的白米稻恢复系、不育系配组 ,其F1代大多数仍为黑米